This article presents a hitherto unknown medieval city: Hulbuk, the capital of the Banijurids in southeastern Tajikistan in the ninth and tenth centuries. The excavation of this city was begun in 1953 This article presents a hitherto unknown medieval city: Hulbuk, the capital of the Banijurids in southeastern Tajikistan in the ninth and tenth centuries. The excavation of this city was begun in 1953 by Erkinoi Guliamova and Vladimir Bazhoutin and later continued by the Tajik Archaeological Institute. Hulbuk, mid-ranged in size in comparison with Samarqand and Bukhara, was not occupied after the end of the eleventh century, which allowed for a better preservation of the great palatial complex on the citadel (namely, the princely mosque, courtroom, and royal living quarters). Material culture (including ceramics, glass, and bronze) was collected in order to provide, for the first time, a “lively panorama” of Hulbuk: the architecture, decoration (painting and stuccos), and associated archaeological artefacts are a rich expression of a powerful Turkish-Iranian dynasty on the marches of Transoxiana (Ma wara’al-nahr) in Central Asia.