Works by al-Ġazālī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, 1058‒1111 as author 244
كتاب خلاصة المختصر ونقاوة المعتصر
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Kitāb ḏikr al-mawt wa-mā baʿdahu
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 40
After expounding his Sufi philosophy of death and showing the importance of the contemplation of human mortality to the mystical way of self-purification, Ghazali takes his readers through the stages of the future life: the vision of the Angels of the Grave, the Resurrection, the Intercession of the Prophet, and finally, the torments of Hell, the delights of Paradise and – for the elect – the beatific vision of God’s Countenance.
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Kitāb ḏamm al-kibr wa-l-ʿuǧb
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 29
The Condemnation of Pride and Self-Admiration is the twenty-ninth chapter of The Revival of the Religious Sciences, a monumental work of classical Islam written by the theologian-mystic Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali. Perhaps the most important chapter in the whole of Revival, The Condemnation of Pride and Self-Admiration delves into the fundamental spiritual ailments and major impediments of the soul, namely pride and self-admiration. In Part One, Ghazali focuses on pride, firstly by showing how the Qur’an condemns it, then by demonstrating what pride is and what its symptoms are, how pride manifests outwardly, as well as the seven causes of pride, the root cause being self-admiration. In seeking ways to cure the soul of pride, Ghazali presents the virtue of humility as the spiritual virtue par excellence; he offers examples of true humility, of false humility, and the manner by which the seven causes of pride can be uprooted. In Part Two, Ghazali hones in on the root cause of pride: self-admiration. As with pride, Ghazali defines self-admiration, shows the various ways it manifests inwardly, how it causes negligence, delusion and complacency, how each of these can be remedied. Just as humility is recognised as the virtue par excellence, pride is recognised as the vice par excellence; and this by all religions. The Condemnation of Pride and Self-Admiration is therefore a genuine contribution to the field of virtue ethics and will be of interest to all those engaged in the religious and spiritual life.
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al-Ḏahab al-ibrīz fī asrār ḫawāṣṣ Kitāb Allāh al-ʿazīz
Editions 3
Kitāb riyāḍat al-nafs wa-tahḏīb al-aḫlāq wa-muʿālaǧat amrāḍ al-qalb
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 22
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Kitāb al-ṣabr wa-l-šukr
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 32
Al-Ghazali on Patience and Thankfulness is a translation of the thirty-second chapter of The Revival of the Religions Sciences (Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din). This chapter falls in the section dealing with the virtues or what is conducive to salvation. Ghazali here presents definitions for patience and its different forms; the need for patience; the degrees of patience; and why patience is considered to be half of faith. The second part of this chapter deals with thankfulness, and again Ghazali gives us definitions for thankfulness, its nature and its blessings.
Translations 2
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Kitāb al-ʿilm
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 1
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Kitāb al-faqr wa-l-zuhd
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 34
Al-Ghazali on Poverty and Abstinence is the thirty-fourth chapter of the Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din), which is widely regarded as the greatest work of Muslim spirituality. In Al-Ghazali on Poverty and Abstinence, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali considers two themes dear to Islamic devotional literature: poverty and abstinence. Taking as his example the Prophet’s love for the poor, Ghazali explains that poverty is not simply an accidental state of destitution that might befall anyone but rather an inner acceptance of the Will of God and a form of abstinence for His sake. Thus the life of poverty described by Ghazali in Al-Ghazali on Poverty and Abstinence refers to what every devoted follower of the Prophet is meant to adopt whatever his or her outer state may be.
Translations 2
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Kitāb al-fikr
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 39
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Kitāb qawāʿid al-ʿaqāʾid
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 2
The book consists of four chapters, In chapter one, the author presents a succinct summary of the essential aspects of the Muslim creed. Chapter two discusses how religious instruction should be imparted gradually, the stages and levels of conviction, the ruling on studying debate and theology, the outward and inward creed, and the difference between the two. Chapter three is a detailed exposition consisting of four pillars: the recognition of the essence of Allāh, the knowledge of the attributes of Allāh, the knowledge of the acts of Allāh, and belief based on transmitted reports about Allāh from the Prophet Muḥammad (peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him). Chapter 4 examines faith and Islam, what connects and separates them, whether faith can increase and decrease.
Editions 6 Translations 1
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Kitāb kasr al-šahwatayn
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 23
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Kitāb al-maḥabba wa-l-šawq wa-l-uns wa-l-riḍā
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 36
The Book of Love, Longing, Intimacy and Contentment is the thirty-sixth chapter of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali’s Revival of the Religious Sciences. This was the first treatise which established not merely the possibility but the necessity for the love of God. Ghazali argues that all the virtues and spiritual stages that precede love, like repentance, patience and thankfulness, lead to love; and all the spiritual stages that follow on from love are a result of it. Out of Ghazali’s pioneering treatment would emerge not only new trends in Sufi theory and practice, but an entire body of mystical poetry including that of the great Persian poets Rumi and Hafiz. The translation is preceded by an extensive introduction which sets the work in its historical and spiritual context.
Translations 2
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Kitāb al-murāqaba wa-l-muḥāsaba
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 38
Al-Ghazali on Vigilance and Self-examination is the thirty-eighth chapter of the Revival of the Religious Sciences and follows on from Al-Ghazali on Intention, Sincerity & Truthfulness. Here Ghazali focuses on the different stations of steadfastness in religion (murabata), vigilance and self-examination being its cornerstones. As in all his writings, Ghazali bases his arguments on the Qur’an, the example of the Prophet and the sayings of numerous scholars and Sufis.
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Kitāb al-mustaṣfā min ʿilm al-uṣūl
This book is one of the classical works on Legal theory of Muslim Jurisprudence, with unique and unparalleled organization and explanation. The author begins with an introduction in logic, then comes four divisions that mirror what he believed to the natural structure of (Šarīʿa) Islamic law. Each division is named Quṭb (pole). The first pole is about the Šarīʿa rules- being the fruit of law- that were further categorized into: The essence, the categories, the constituents of the rules. The second pole, which is the source of fruition, illustrates the sources of the rules included; amongst are: The Four principal sources; Qurʾān, Sunna, consensus (Iǧmāʿ), (Istiṣḥāb) rational proof. The third pole is how to process of cultivation, in which he demonstrates how the Šarī`ʿa rules are extracted from the principal sources, to be used by the harvester considered to be the forth pole Hence the fourth pole is about (al-Muǧtahid) the independent practitioner of jurisprudence.
Editions 7 Translations 1
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كتاب مقامات العلماء بين يدي الخلفاء والأمراء
Editions 1
Kitāb al-niyya wa-l-iḫlāṣ wa-l-ṣidq
Part of Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn . كتاب 37
Al-Ghazali on Intention, Sincerity & Truthfulness is the thirty-seventh chapter of the Revival of the Religious Sciences. It falls in the section dealing with the virtues. Here Ghazali deals with the very important subject of intention, which is of crucial importance in Islam. He asks: ‘How can someone ignorant of the meaning of intention verify his own intention; or how can someone ignorant of the meaning of sincerity verify his own sincerity; or how can someone sincerely claim truthfulness if he has not verified its meaning?’ In the Book of Intention, Sincerity & Truthfulness, Ghazali gives a response to each of these questions by expounding the reality and levels of intention, sincerity and truthfulness, those acts which affirm them and those acts which mar them. As in all his writings, Ghazali bases his arguments on the Qur’an, the example of the Prophet and the sayings of numerous scholars and Sufis.
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al-Kašf wa-l-tabyīn fī ġurūr al-ḫalq aǧmaʿīn
In this book, al-Ġazālī lists types of conceit and the conceited groups. He discusses in details the conceited scholars, worshippers, riches, and Sufis. He classifies the conceited groups among the believers into thirty five groups: eleven of the scholars, nine of the worshippers, six of the riches, and nine of the Sufis. In each category, he elaborates on the reasons for such cockiness, the feelings that accompany it, and its distinctive sign. He frequently suggests the appropriate treatment. Al-Ġazālī wrote this book after he wrote his famous work (Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn) as he refers to it in this work.
Editions 7
Kimiyāʿ al-saʿāda
عبر الشيخ عن التعري عن الأخلاق الذميمة، واكتساب الأخلاق الحميدة بالكمياء من حيث كونها تفاعلات وتحول من حال إلى حال.
Editions 7 Translations 8
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المآخذ في الخلافيات
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مجلة الفهم في أصل العلوم
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Muḫtaṣar Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn
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